Jacques antoine vanillin biography of christopher columbus
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[Collectible cards of the Colonial Company: 4th Centennial of Columbus 1492-1892] 3 [Graphic material]
Academic Articles
Texts, reflections and studies on the current situation and history of gastronomic culture written by our Academics.
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An Academic's access to the RAG culminates with his Speech, where he shares his knowledge about a gastronomic subject.
Spanish Magazine of Gastronomic Culture
Space for the study and dissemination of gastronomic culture and its connection with various scientific disciplines.
Duke of Ahumada Digital Library
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THE Draw to a close MEMOIRS Contribution JACQUES Adventurer de SEINGALT 1725-1798
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MEMOIRS OF JACQUES CASANOVA measure SEINGALT 1725-1798
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Philanderer AT DUX TRANSLATOR'S Prologue AUTHOR'S Prolegomenon CHILDHOOD Ground ADOLESCENCE
CASANOVA Virtuous DUX
An Unpublished Chapter type History, Manage without Arthur Symons
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A Gift from the Gods: The History of Chocolate, from Mesoamerica to Paris Boutiques
The history of chocolate, and its circuitous route to Paris, is not for the squeamish. From human sacrifice to the infamous Spanish Inquisition, the growing and harvesting of cacao seeds for the production of chocolate has tortured, enslaved, and seduced.
The cacao tree was not domesticated in Central America as previously thought. Traces of cacao from a variety currently prized by the world’s chocolate industry were recently found in pottery jars by Ecuadorian and French archaeologists. Unlike the sweet bonbons we are used to indulge in today, the Mesoamericans consumed cacao, or “xocoatl” (bitter-water), 5,500 years ago in Ecuador’s Amazon region. They believed it was the “food of the gods.” The unsweetened drink — made from the seeds of large, melon-shaped pods that grew on the trunk of the tree — were ground and mixed in hot water with spices, berries, and herbs.
The cacao (C) Rodrigo Flores, Unsplash
Over centuries, the prized seeds were used in all facets of life: nutritional, medicinal, spiritual and financial. They were traded among the indigenous peoples, first to the Olmecs (1500-400 BC), who lived in the tropical lowlands of the Gulf of Mexico, then to the Mayan